Update Go 1.20 and 1.21 patches

What does this MR do and why?

Update Go 1.20 and 1.21 patches

* Update Go 1.20 from 1.20.8 to 1.20.9
* Update Go 1.21 from 1.21.1 to 1.21.2

Changelog: changed

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.

Go 1.20.9 MRs

• Omnibus Builder: gitlab-omnibus-builder!315 (merged)
• GitLab Build Images: !736 (merged)
• CNG: gitlab-org/build/CNG!1572 (merged)