Bump Node.js version to 18.17.0 for GitLab images

What does this MR do and why?

Previously, !702 (merged) was merged, which updated the Node.js version in images used in gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com project. This MR now updates the Node.js version to 18.17.0 for images used in gitlab-org/gitlab.

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.