Add Ruby 3.2.0 images and fix Rust installation

What does this MR do and why?

This will be used to see how much effort it would be to jump to Ruby 3.2.0 and to see what performance improvements we might see with YJIT.

This also fixes some build issues with Rust:

1. We need to install Rust before Ruby in order to use YJIT.

2. rustc wasn't actually installed since the INSTALL_RUST_VERSION argument wasn't set.

3. rustup wasn't running properly since the CARGO_HOME and RUSTUP_HOMEweren't being exported and set by default. We now use the technique described in https://github.com/rust-lang/rustup/issues/1085 to create a wrapper and link all the binaries in /opt/rust/bin and link them to /usr/local/bin.

4. rustc version is not a valid command. rustc --version is valid.

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.