Add Docker CE 28.5.2

What does this MR do and why?

Add Docker CE 28.5.2 and 29.1.1 to the list of images.

This needs merged before we can update the version used by the CI of this project via using newer images via DOCKER_VERSION of .gitlab-ci.yml

This will supplementally cause builds, including updates to buildx 0.30.1 which fixes a race condition bug experienced in our production CI pipelines.

(docker/buildx v0.30.1 was made 2025-11-17, but not fully published until 2025-11-26)

Related to

• https://github.com/docker/buildx/issues/3503
• https://github.com/docker/buildx/issues/3541
• Up to / over, 120 production issues

Checklist

• (If applicable) Add patches if required for upgrading Ruby version in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master/patches/ruby.