git: Bump minimum required Git version to v2.33.0

Recently, we have seen a lot of issues with git-cat-file(1) due to inefficiencies. In many cases, we can improve the code to elide additional filtering by using new object type filters which have been introduced for git-rev-list(1) in Git v2.33.0, which in some cases may even give us the ability to drop some pipeline steps altogether.

Bump the minimum required Git version to v2.33.0 such that we can always make use of these object type filters.

Closes #3815 (closed)