cat-file: add --batch-command remote-object-info command

Under some circumstances, it is useful to get information about an object without having to download it completely.

The server logic has already been implemented as "a2ba162cda (object-info: support for retrieving object info, 2021-04-20)".

This patch adds client functions to communicate with the server. Specifically, a new remote-object-ino command is added to git cat-file --batch-command.

Currently only size info can be retrieved. A example is like this

• The client user starts command `git cat-file --batch-command"
• The client user type in remote-object-info <remote> <a object SHA>
• The object size is returned without downloading the object on the client

Closes #335

Sending to mailing list v1: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20240628190503.67389-1-eric.peijian@gmail.com/