fix(duo): keep missing binary versions empty

Description

Keep InstallStatus.Version limited to recorded version data rather than the display text unknown version. For custom Duo binaries without a recorded version, help displays the installed path without a version suffix. Recorded versions retain the existing version-and-path display.

Add regression coverage for custom and managed binaries with and without recorded versions, including the setup guidance for a managed binary without a recorded version.

Resolves #8550 (closed)

How has this been tested?

  • Binary manager, Duo and Orbit package tests passed.
  • Required Lefthook pre-commit and pre-push checks passed: build, lint with zero issues, 418 tests, structural checks, and generated documentation/code without drift.
  • Tested on macOS arm64 with Go 1.27.1.

AI assistance was used to prepare the change. The code received independent review and local testing.

/copy_metadata #8550 (closed)

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