fix: Add build-essential pkg in Dockerfile.asdf

What

Adding build-essential pkg to asdf image.

Why

• To fix failing jobs due to missing C compiler while trying to compile Python.

  Example in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/tamland/-/jobs/4085137147 and https://ops.gitlab.net/gitlab-com/gl-infra/tamland/-/jobs/9727863

• A recent change to split Dockerfile for asdf and renovate purposes seem to have caused this: 7c803e53