Cleanup artifacts and caches on GitLab CI

What does this MR do?

Cache and dependencies with are mixed up in our current configuration

Caches are local caches if a cache on the same runner is available - We use different Runners (gitlab and our own)

Artifacts should contain all necessary data for the next stage

A dependency defines from which job the artifacts needs to be fetched

I don't know PHP Build processed that much. If someone could find more improvements please add them

How confident are you it won't break things if deployed?

Quite sure

How to test

Run the CI

Checklist

• added a test, or explain why one is not needed/possible...
• no unrelated changes
• asked someone for a code review
• set a "for:" label to indicate who will be affected by this change
• added to the next milestone (see https://gitlab.com/foodsharing-dev/foodsharing/-/milestones, unless it has a "for:Dev" label)
• added an entry to CHANGELOG.md