[backport] test: Check that message sends successfully when header is split across two buffers
Summary
This is a backport of https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/19304
This PR is a tweak of #19302. This sends a valid message.
Additionally, this test includes logging in the same vein as #19272.
Depends on !1463 (merged)
Test plan
ninja all./test/functional/test_runner.py p2p_invalid_messages.py