older programs running under qemu-aarch64 segfaults

Host environment

• Operating system: Linux
• OS/kernel version: Debian Bookworm, 6.1.0-10-amd64
• Architecture: amd64
• QEMU flavor: qemu-aarch64[-static]
• QEMU version: 8.1.0-rc2
• QEMU command line: ./qemu-aarch64 /bin/ls

Emulated/Virtualized environment

• Operating system: Debian Jessie, Ubuntu Xenial, ...
• Architecture: aarch64

Description of problem

Numerous aarch64 programs segfaults when run under qemu-aarch64.

Steps to reproduce

1. Install an arm64 chroot (with working qemu-aarch64 binfmt_misc setup):

debootstrap --variant=minbase --arch=arm64 jessie /tmp/jessie-arm64/ http://archive.debian.org/debian
or
debootstrap --variant=minbase --arch=arm64 xenial /tmp/xenial-arm64/ http://ports.ubuntu.com/

2. build qemu-aarch64; cp qemu-aarch64 /tmp/jessie-arm64/
3. chroot /tmp/jessie-arm64/
4. ./qemu-aarch64 /bin/ls

qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped
Segmentation fault 

Additional information

Old userspace (eg Debian jessie, Ubuntu xenial) does not work within qemu 8.1-rc2 aarch64 linux-user emulation, since commit 59b6b42c . My guess is that old userspace isn't prepared for recent CPU features, but it still smells strange.

Not all programs segfaults. dash works, ls or bash does not.

A chroot is easier in this case, since many old programs don't run inside current environment, like asserting while reading locale-specific information. To run debootstrap and to enter the resulting chroot, a working qemu-aarch64 binfmt_misc setup is needed.

Reverting the mentioned commit makes everything work again.