Add tests in CI/CD Pipelines after building the images.

Add tests in CI/CD Pipelines after building the extended-postgres images.

The tests include:

1. launch the container with the desired version of the image;
2. configuring shared_preload_libraries (if necessary) and restart the container;
3. get a list of all non-contrib extensions and execute create extension for each extension in the loop.

This way we will eliminate the risks of having an extension in the image that cannot be installed.