Move information about periodic dimensions from simul_box to space

Description

Move periodic dim to the space module and start to use it in the code, in replacement of sb%periodic_dim.

News snippet

Move periodic dim to the space module and start to use it in the code, in replacement of sb%periodic_dim.

Checklist

• I have checked that my code follows the Octopus coding standards
• I have added tests for all the new features added in this request.