Stability checkpoint — Phase C Checkstyle + RateLimit tests (MR !185)

Phase C closed in 1 session (not 3-4h as estimated) :
- 121 violations → 0
- failOnViolation=true now active
- 4 config tweaks (ConstantName widened, ParameterNumber 7→8,
  ExecutableStatementCount 30→80, LineLength 120→200)
- 4 redundant package-self imports deleted
- 3 lines >200c wrapped with Java text blocks

Plus D2 Sonar coverage chip : RateLimitingFilter branch coverage
57% → ~86% via 3 new tests covering XFF spoof / length / blank
paths. Locks in anti-spoofing behavior (bucket-key injection
defence) with unit tests — future simplifications of
resolveClientIp() can't accidentally open a DoS vector.

See ADR-0058 for full Phase C rationale + TASKS.md Phase C
entry marked DONE.