Support `environment` keyword with `trigger` keyword (Parent-child/Multi-project pipelines)
DRI: @shinya.maeda
## Release notes
If you prefer to trigger a separate CD pipeline from a CI pipeline run, GitLab long offered the `trigger` keyword. Until now, it was not possible to update an environment in the upstream project when the job triggered a downstream pipeline. As a further enhancement in deployment management functionalities, GitLab now supports specifying the environment together with triggering a downstream pipeline.
## Summary
GitLab CI/CD has the feature [Multi-project pipelines](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/pipelines/multi_project_pipelines.html) i.e. `trigger` keyword. Currently, there is no capability to annotate the downstream pipeline as the deployment pipeline with `environment` keyword.
## Use cases
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/350550#note_927438598
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/350550#note_937350261
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/350550#note_939434707
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/350550#note_942436834
## User experience goals
Example:
```
deploy:
trigger:
project: some/other/repo
branch: master
environment:
name: dev
url: https://app.dev.blah.com
```
## References
* https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/8483#note_1043928481
* https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/platform/runway/team/-/blob/master/architecture.md
* https://blog.developer.atlassian.com/why-atlassian-uses-an-internal-paas-to-regulate-aws-access/
<details>
<summary>Previous description</summary>
### Steps to reproduce
Gitlab CI will not allow using the `environment` key with a job that uses the `trigger` key, it produces `yaml invalid` error.
In the Gitlab CI lint tool paste the following example:
```
deploy:
trigger:
project: some/other/repo
branch: master
environment:
name: dev
url: https://app.dev.blah.com
```
### What is the current *bug* behavior?
I get the following error in the UI:
```
Status:
Syntax is incorrect. CI configuration validated, including all configuration added with the includes keyword. More information
jobs:deploy config contains unknown keys: environment
jobs:deploy config should contain either a trigger or a needs:pipeline
```
### What is the expected *correct* behavior?
I would expect this to be allowed, to configure an environment for a multi project trigger job. If it is not allowed then I don't think the docs communicate this: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#environment
### Relevant logs and/or screenshots

#### Results of GitLab environment info
<details>
<summary>Expand for output related to GitLab environment info</summary>
<pre>
System information
System: Debian 9.13
Current User: git
Using RVM: no
Ruby Version: 2.7.5p203
Gem Version: 3.1.4
Bundler Version:2.1.4
Rake Version: 13.0.6
Redis Version: 6.0.16
Git Version: 2.33.1.
Sidekiq Version:6.3.1
Go Version: unknown
GitLab information
Version: 14.6.0
Revision: 3bc07a0be9c
Directory: /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails
DB Adapter: PostgreSQL
DB Version: 12.7
URL: https://git2.vizibl.co
HTTP Clone URL: https://git2.vizibl.co/some-group/some-project.git
SSH Clone URL: git@git2.vizibl.co:some-group/some-project.git
Using LDAP: no
Using Omniauth: yes
Omniauth Providers:
GitLab Shell
Version: 13.22.1
Repository storage paths:
- default: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories
GitLab Shell path: /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell
Git: /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/git
</pre>
</details>
#### Results of GitLab application Check
<details>
<summary>Expand for output related to the GitLab application check</summary>
<pre>
Checking GitLab subtasks ...
Checking GitLab Shell ...
GitLab Shell: ... GitLab Shell version >= 13.22.1 ? ... OK (13.22.1)
Running /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/bin/check
Internal API available: OK
Redis available via internal API: OK
gitlab-shell self-check successful
Checking GitLab Shell ... Finished
Checking Gitaly ...
Gitaly: ... default ... OK
Checking Gitaly ... Finished
Checking Sidekiq ...
Sidekiq: ... Running? ... yes
Number of Sidekiq processes (cluster/worker) ... 1/1
Checking Sidekiq ... Finished
Checking Incoming Email ...
Incoming Email: ... Reply by email is disabled in config/gitlab.yml
Checking Incoming Email ... Finished
Checking LDAP ...
LDAP: ... LDAP is disabled in config/gitlab.yml
Checking LDAP ... Finished
Checking GitLab App ...
Git configured correctly? ... yes
Database config exists? ... yes
All migrations up? ... yes
Database contains orphaned GroupMembers? ... no
GitLab config exists? ... yes
GitLab config up to date? ... yes
Log directory writable? ... yes
Tmp directory writable? ... yes
Uploads directory exists? ... yes
Uploads directory has correct permissions? ... yes
Uploads directory tmp has correct permissions? ... yes
Systemd unit files or init script exist? ... skipped (omnibus-gitlab has neither init script nor systemd units)
Systemd unit files or init script up-to-date? ... skipped (omnibus-gitlab has neither init script nor systemd units)
Projects have namespace: ...
9/3 ... yes
9/4 ... yes
10/5 ... yes
10/8 ... yes
10/10 ... yes
10/11 ... yes
10/12 ... yes
10/13 ... yes
10/14 ... yes
10/16 ... yes
10/18 ... yes
10/19 ... yes
10/20 ... yes
10/21 ... yes
Redis version >= 5.0.0? ... yes
Ruby version >= 2.7.2 ? ... yes (2.7.5)
Git version >= 2.33.0 ? ... yes (2.33.1)
Git user has default SSH configuration? ... yes
Active users: ... 14
Is authorized keys file accessible? ... yes
GitLab configured to store new projects in hashed storage? ... yes
All projects are in hashed storage? ... yes
Checking GitLab App ... Finished
Checking GitLab subtasks ... Finished
</pre>
</details>
</details>
epic