Create and start using a Lychee-based CI/CD component

Issue

As part of the related issue, this issue is to track the work towards creating, releasing, and using a CI/CD component that uses Lychee to more quickly test links in the docs.

As I'm using https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/components/ to learn how to do this, I'll update the doc with the knowledge I've gained from this project.

Related to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/technical-writing/-/issues/981

Steps

• Create a simple test version: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/technical-writing-group/markdown-link-check
• Add all options and release an initial 0.1.0 version that can be used in real pipelines.
• Add specs and release a full 1.0.0 version.
  • Release 1.0.0 to CI/CD catalog.