update go version to v1.23.2; multiple dependency upgrades due to security findings

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What does this MR do?

update go version to v1.23.2 for both FIPS and Non-FIPS docker images

upgrade multiple dependencies due to security findings

Note: this MR was originally created from a personal fork in update `go` version to `v1.23.2`; multiple depe... (!560 - closed) • Craig Andrews • 17.10, however, we ran into permission errors, so this MR has been recreated from the semgrep community fork.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

N/A

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated for GitLab EE, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated for this project, if necessary
• Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests updated/added for this feature/bug
• Job definition updated, if necessary
  • Auto-DevOps template
  • Job definition example
  • CI Templates
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the Go guidelines
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer