Allow timeout property to be provided per build

What does this MR do?

This is a port from the previously Gitlab-CE MR gitlab-foss!31374 (closed), due to the merge to a single code base.

All code reviews are passed. This should only require a merge.

Please refer to: gitlab-foss!31374 (closed)

Related to: #14887 (closed)

Screenshots

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

QA Steps

run-sleep:
  script:
    - echo 'sleeping...'
    - sleep 60
    - echo 'test'
    - sleep 120
    - echo 'should not print this'
    - sleep 120
    - echo 'should not print this'
  timeout: 2 minutes