Provide Severity levels for vulnerabilities found by Gemnasium
### Problem to solve
Vulnerabilities reported by Gemnasium don't have a `severity`. Not only this information is important to users, but it's also very much needed to sort the vulnerabilities in the Security Dashboard.
The YAML files of [gemnasium-db](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db) should contain a `severity` field or a field from which the severity can be calculated, to be propagated by [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium) to the GitLab backend via the Dependency Scanning report.
### Proposal
Add CVSS vectors (v2 and v3) to the YAML schema of [gemnasium-db](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db) and make [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db) convert these to a severity when generating the report.
Both CVSS vectors are optional, and CVSS v3 is preferred.
The `severity` of a vulnerability reported by Gemnasium is:
- the textual representation of the CVSS v3 base score, if defined
- else the textual representation of the CVSS v2 base score, if defined
- else `Unknown`
### Implementation plan
- [x] In the YAML schema of [gemnasium-db](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db), add two optional text fields corresponding to the CVSS v2 and v3 vectors; https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/merge_requests/430/diffs
- [x] In adbcurate, collect the CVSS vectors when importing advisories from NVD: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/advisory-db-curation-tools/issues/16
- [x] Update [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium)
- [x] update the [`Advisory` Go struct](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/blob/v2.5.0/advisory/advisory.go) to load the CVSS vectors
- [x] parse [`cvss_v2`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/-/blob/a3aede0e48d42860fc307380ec99cf2053db75d0/schema/schema.json#L182) and calculate base score, possibly using https://github.com/umisama/go-cvss
- [x] parse [`cvss_v3`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/-/blob/a3aede0e48d42860fc307380ec99cf2053db75d0/schema/schema.json#L192) and calculate base score, possibly using https://github.com/bunji2/cvssv3
- [x] make the [convert](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/tree/master/convert) package of Gemnasium convert the CVSS vectors into textual value; see section [5. Qualitative Severity Rating Scale](https://www.first.org/cvss/v3.1/specification-document#Qualitative-Severity-Rating-Scale)
- [x] release a new version of [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium)
- [x] update `gemnasium` dependency in [gemnasium-maven](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-maven) and release new version
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-maven/-/merge_requests/47
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-maven/pipelines/136620755
- [x] update `gemnasium` dependency in [gemnasium-python](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-python) and release new version
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-python/-/merge_requests/53
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium-python/pipelines/136622500
- [x] update all `gemnasium` test projects
- [x] `no_dind-FREEZE` branch
- [x] `js-yarn`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js-yarn/-/merge_requests/48
- [x] `ruby-bundler`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler/-/merge_requests/82
- [x] `ruby-bundler-rails`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler-rails/-/merge_requests/23
- [x] `js-npm`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js-npm/-/merge_requests/63
- [x] `php-composer`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/php-composer/-/merge_requests/31
- [x] `master` branch
- [x] `js-yarn`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js-yarn/-/merge_requests/50
- [x] `ruby-bundler`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler/-/merge_requests/90
- [x] `js-npm`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/js-npm/-/merge_requests/65
- [x] `php-composer`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/php-composer/-/merge_requests/32
- [x] `ruby-bundler_js-yarn`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler_js-yarn/-/merge_requests/13
- [x] `ruby-bundler-rails`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/ruby-bundler-rails/-/merge_requests/20
- [x] `go-modules`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/go-modules/-/merge_requests/25
- [x] update all `gemnasium-maven` test projects
- [x] `no_dind-FREEZE` branch
- [x] `java-maven`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-maven/-/merge_requests/63
- [x] `scala-sbt`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/scala-sbt/-/merge_requests/16
- [x] `java-gradle`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-gradle/-/merge_requests/19
- [x] `java-gradle-multimodules`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-gradle-multimodules/-/merge_requests/7
- [x] `java-maven-multimodules`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-maven-multimodules/-/merge_requests/40
- [x] `master` branch
- [x] `java-maven`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-maven/-/merge_requests/64
- [x] `scala-sbt`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/scala-sbt/-/merge_requests/17
- [x] `java-gradle`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-gradle/-/merge_requests/20
- [x] `java-gradle-multimodules`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-gradle-multimodules/-/merge_requests/8
- [x] `java-maven-multimodules`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/java-maven-multimodules/-/merge_requests/44
- [x] update all `gemnasium-python` test projects
- [x] `no_dind-FREEZE` branch
- [x] `python-pip`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/python-pip/-/merge_requests/81
- [x] `python-pipenv`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/python-pipenv/-/merge_requests/29
- [x] `master` branch
- [x] `python-pip`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/python-pip/-/merge_requests/88
- [x] `python-pipenv`
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/tests/python-pipenv/-/merge_requests/30
## Release Post
- [https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com/-/merge_requests/45357](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/www-gitlab-com/-/merge_requests/45357)
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