Refine ADR: API Design
## Context
The API design ADR needs refinement to ensure proper Cells routing compatibility, particularly with the `/o/{org_id}` URL pattern requirement.
## Tasks
- ~~[ ] Check proper Cells routing compatibility~~
- ~~[ ] Ensure `/o/{org_id}` URL pattern is implemented~~
- [x] Document API endpoints and routing strategy
- [x] Validate API design with Tenant Scale team
- [ ] Complete and merge ADR
- [x] Update that /v2/ challenge response is no longer necessary. See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/work_items/595150#container-clients-docker-podman-buildah-skopeo-crane.
- [x] Update the ADR given that local cache entries are no longer in scope. See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/content-sites/handbook/-/merge_requests/19487.
- [x] NPM missing routes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ops/artifact-registry/-/merge_requests/98#note_3298683845
- [x] NPM audit route: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/ops/artifact-registry/-/merge_requests/98/diffs#line_56c9c52d3_A941
## Related
- Parent Epic: &20959
- ADR MR: [!18458](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/content-sites/handbook/-/merge_requests/18458)
- Split Blueprint Issue: #590282
- Tenant Scale Meeting Notes: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/589257#note_3075916483
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