Convert from attr_encrypted to encrypted
MR: Pending
<!-- NOTE: For context on MR heading, see:
https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/development/dev/create/remote-development/index.html#relationship-of-issues-to-mrs
-->
## Description
Convert from `attr_encrypted` to `encrypted` to comply with `Gitlab/Rails/AttrEncrypted` rubocop rule. See https://docs.gitlab.com/development/migration_style_guide/#encrypted-attributes
As a [user or stakeholder], I want [goal or objective] so that [reason or benefit].
## Acceptance criteria
- [ ] Convert `ee/app/models/remote_development/workspace_variable.rb` to use `encrypted`
## Implementation plan
TODO: Fill out or delete (optional)
[Provide a high-level plan for implementation of this issue, including relevant technical and/or design details.]
<!-- NOTE: Feel free to expand with more sections and headers as needed -->
<!-- DO NOT TOUCH BELOW -->
issue