post-migration to partition ci_pipelines_config table fails with 'would overlap partition' error
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### Summary
```
PG::InvalidObjectDefinition: ERROR: partition "ci_pipelines_config" would overlap partition "ci_pipelines_config_100"
LINE 3: FOR VALUES IN (100, 101, 102);
```
<details><summary>part of stack trace</summary>
```
/srv/gitlab/db/post_migrate/20240903074926_partition_ci_pipelines_config.rb:13:in `block in up'
/srv/gitlab/lib/gitlab/database/with_lock_retries.rb:123:in `run_block'
/srv/gitlab/lib/gitlab/database/with_lock_retries.rb:134:in `block in run_block_with_lock_timeout'
```
</details>
This is a %"17.4" migration introduced by https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/164455+
### Steps to reproduce
1. Upgrade from 17.3 to 17.5. Execute migrations separately from post-migrations.
2. Post migrations will fail
### Workaround
In GitLab %17.6 [a migration will ship](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/169251) to replace `ci_pipelines_config` with the three partitions that are being created here. ([Similarly, also for the metadata table](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/169702))
Affected instances can therefore run with the three dynamically created partitions, and the %17.6 migration will handle this since the tables are created `IF NOT EXISTS`.
1. Set the migration completed (a second migration will go on to fail, so both are set `up`)
```
# ci_pipelines_config
gitlab-rake gitlab:db:mark_migration_complete[20240903074926]
# ci_build_trace_metadata
gitlab-rake gitlab:db:mark_migration_complete[20240917143249]
```
[-NOTE-]: Setting migrations complete (`up`) in this way isn't usually a valid workaround for
upgrade / database migration issues.
If you're reading this issue because you have a similar error for
different tables or migrations, `you should NOT set migrations up` unless this is a documented
workaround for your specific situation.
1. Run remaining migrations
```
gitlab-rake db:migrate
```
### Example Project
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behavior, and link to it here in the bug report. If you are using an older version of GitLab, this
will also determine whether the bug is fixed in a more recent version. -->
### What is the current *bug* behavior?
Migration appears to drop this table and then recreate it as a partition, but on affected instances, there's already a partition on this table, so it fails.
### What is the expected *correct* behavior?
Migration works.
### Relevant logs and/or screenshots
<details><summary>migration output</summary>
```
Running db:migrate rake task
main: == [advisory_lock_connection] object_id: 53320, pg_backend_pid: 3726985
main: == 20240903074926 PartitionCiPipelinesConfig: migrating =======================
main: -- transaction_open?(nil)
main: -> 0.0000s
main: -- quote_table_name(:p_ci_pipelines)
main: -> 0.0000s
main: -- quote_table_name(:ci_pipelines_config)
main: -> 0.0000s
main: -- execute("LOCK TABLE \"p_ci_pipelines\", \"ci_pipelines_config\" IN ACCESS EXCLUSIVE MODE")
main: -> 0.0009s
main: -- drop_table(:ci_pipelines_config)
main: -> 0.0021s
main: == [advisory_lock_connection] object_id: 53320, pg_backend_pid: 3726985
```
</details>
### Output of checks
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#### Results of GitLab environment info
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<details>
<summary>Expand for output related to GitLab environment info</summary>
<pre>
(For installations with omnibus-gitlab package run and paste the output of:
`sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:env:info`)
(For installations from source run and paste the output of:
`sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:env:info RAILS_ENV=production`)
</pre>
</details>
#### Results of GitLab application Check
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<details>
<summary>Expand for output related to the GitLab application check</summary>
<pre>
(For installations with omnibus-gitlab package run and paste the output of:
`sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true`)
(For installations from source run and paste the output of:
`sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production SANITIZE=true`)
(we will only investigate if the tests are passing)
</pre>
</details>
### Possible fixes
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issue
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