Refactor hook_association_changes for Enhanced Readability and RuboCop Compliance
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## Summary
The method `hook_association_changes` in our codebase currently bypasses certain RuboCop metrics (`Metrics/AbcSize` and `Metrics/PerceivedComplexity`), indicating issues with complexity and size.
This issue aims to refactor the method for improved readability and to adhere to our RuboCop standards.
## Details
The method is integral for tracking changes in object associations but requires refactoring to enhance its readability and maintainability.
### Reducing Complexity:
- Streamline conditional logic for better clarity.
- Break down the method into smaller, focused methods to improve readability and ease maintenance.
### Move EE to `ee/`
- Features such as `approval_rules` are ee only, so the code related to it, and other features should be moved to the `ee/` directory.
### Enhancing Readability:
- Update and refine code comments for clearer understanding.
- Align the method with coding standards and re-enable the disabled RuboCop metrics.
### Testing and Documentation:
- It's crucial that the existing tests continue to pass post-refactoring, ensuring that functionality remains intact.
- While adding new tests is not strictly necessary, it is encouraged to cover any new code paths or logic introduced during refactoring.
- Update relevant documentation to reflect any changes in the method’s structure or usage.
## Additional Information
- The method is used in merge_request webhook data.
- Related MR: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/138564
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