Add service to match new advisory against the SBOM component corpus
## Why are we doing this work
This work covers the addition of a service responsible for discovering vulnerable SBOM components, and adding vulnerabilities to the corresponding projects. This happens after a new security advisories is added to the advisory database, or when it's affected range change.
**NOTE:** A project might depend on multiple version of a package, so a newly ingested advisory might match multiple SBOM components of the same project.
## Relevant links
## Non-functional requirements
* [x] Documentation: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/416075+
* [x] Feature flag: `dependency_scanning_on_advisory_ingestion`
* [x] Performance: Check load of background workers when ingesting new advisories.
* [x] Testing: Unit tests + verification steps
## Implementation plan
Pre-requesite: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/420042+
* [x] ~backend Add `AdvisoryScanner` to [`Gitlab::VulnerabilityScanning`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/tree/7a31e879c250bc896fb42e76cf8eb45a9827f43e/ee/lib/gitlab/vulnerability_scanning).
- For each [`affected_packages`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/e5348b5afd7dcda1195eb1933fdee9662a4734a8/ee/app/models/package_metadata/advisory.rb#L9) of the advisory,
- Fetch batch of affected SBOM components (occurrences) using https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/420042+.
- Filter out components that don't match the `affected_range` using https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371995. Use memory cache.
- Filter out components that belong to a project that doesn't have the feature enabled.
- Create vulnerabilities using `Vulnerabilities::ContinuousScan::CreateService`.
* [x] ~backend Add `CreateVulnerabilityService`. This creates a single vulnerability and vulnerability for a single affected component detected in a project.
- Input: project, pipeline, location, affected component, advisory.
- Build a report finding for the advisory and affected component.
- If possible, refactor to reuse `Vulnerability::FindingBuilder`. https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1494210128
- Convert report finding to custom finding map (w/o security finding). See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1493266758
- Ingest finding map using `Security::Ingestion::IngestReportSliceService`.
## Follow-up issues
- **Ingest vulnerabilities from multiple projects at once**, to improve the performance. https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/420768
- **Auto-dismiss:** Dismiss an existing vulnerability matching the advisory if the SBOM component version is no longer affected.
## Verification steps
We have to temper with the advisories ingested by the backend to test this, so it can't be **tested** on production. However, it can be **checked** on production by adding affected dependencies right before ingesting the corresponding advisory from the GitLab Advisory Database.
On a staging environment,
- Set up a project supported by Dependency Scanning (DS) and with vulnerable dependencies.
- Include DS CI template, and trigger a pipeline for default branch.
- Check vulnerabilities created from report or using https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/8026+.
- vulnerability report
- pipeline page
- Export a new advisory that match a project dependency. 2 options:
- Add a new vulnerability to the License DB exports (dev).
- Prepare a NDJSON export file, and use instructions to sync offline instances.
- Wait for the ingestion of the new advisory.
- Check vulnerabilities created during the ingestion.
- vulnerability report
- pipeline page
- MR widget if it uses security findings; see https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/390185+
<!-- start-discoto-summary -->
## Auto-Summary :robot:
<details>
<summary>Discoto Usage</summary>
---
> **Points**
>
> Discussion points are declared by headings, list items, and single
> lines that start with the text (case-insensitive) `point:`. For
> example, the following are all valid points:
>
> * `#### POINT: This is a point`
> * `* point: This is a point`
> * `+ Point: This is a point`
> * `- pOINT: This is a point`
> * `point: This is a **point**`
>
> Note that any markdown used in the point text will also be propagated
> into the topic summaries.
>
> **Topics**
>
> Topics can be stand-alone and contained within an issuable (epic,
> issue, MR), or can be inline.
>
> Inline topics are defined by creating a new thread (discussion)
> where the first line of the first comment is a heading that starts
> with (case-insensitive) `topic:`. For example, the following are all
> valid topics:
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> * `# Topic: Inline discussion topic 1`
> * `## TOPIC: **{+A Green, bolded topic+}**`
> * `### tOpIc: Another topic`
>
> **Quick Actions**
>
> | Action | Description |
> |-------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
> | `/discuss sub-topic TITLE` | Create an issue for a sub-topic. Does not work in epics |
> | `/discuss link ISSUABLE-LINK` | Link an issuable as a child of this discussion |
>
---
</details>
Last updated by [this job](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/secure/pocs/discoto-runner/-/jobs/4783786874)
* **TOPIC** Reuse of the FindingBuilder :warning: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1483236612
* **TOPIC** Upsert batches of vulnerability findings :warning: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1491418051
* **TOPIC** Upsert vulnerabilities :white_check_mark: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1492243381
* **TOPIC** IngestReportSliceService and custom finding map :white_check_mark: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1493266758
* **TOPIC** Potential deadlocks when ingesting vulnerabilities https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/371065#note_1495943793
<!-- end-discoto-summary -->
<!-- start-discoto-topic-settings --><details>
<summary>Discoto Settings</summary>
<br/>
```yaml
---
summary:
max_items: -1
sort_by: created
sort_direction: ascending
```
See the [settings schema](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/secure/pocs/discussion-automation#settings-schema) for details.
</details>
<!-- end-discoto-topic-settings -->
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