Forward deployment, add modal to warn users on "Retry" action

What does this MR do?

This MR addresses the concern in #211339 (closed) by showing a modal that advices the user on the consequences. In particular:

• add the relevant job error to the state
• add the modal component
• encapsulate the Retry link / button and conditionally render one or the other based on the relevant error
• the modal primary button, in danger variant is actually a link, mimicking the functionality of the regular Retry button
• add Unit and Features tests for the relevant parts

A migration to GitLab UI Utils is made part of a follow up MR:

Screenshots (strongly suggested)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry
• Documentation (if required)
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [ -] Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Availability and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers
• [-] Informed Infrastructure department of a default or new setting change, if applicable per definition of done

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• [-] Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• [-] The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• [-] Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team

Related to #211339 (closed)