:usage_activity_by_stage=> {
  :manage => {
    ...
    :user_auth_by_provider=>{"ldap"=>10, "smartcard"=>20, "group_saml"=>10}
  },
},
:usage_activity_by_stage_monthly=> {
  :manage => {
    ...
    :user_auth_by_provider=>{"ldap"=>1, "smartcard"=>2, "group_saml"=>1}
  },
}

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT "authentication_events"."user_id") FROM "authentication_events" WHERE "authentication_events"."success" = true AND "authentication_events"."provider" = 'standard' AND "authentication_events"."created_at" BETWEEN '2020-08-12 19:05:45.606188' AND '2020-09-09 19:05:45.606328' AND "authentication_events"."user_id" BETWEEN 0 AND 1000;

 Aggregate  (cost=2.17..2.18 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.017..0.017 rows=1 loops=1)
   ->  Index Only Scan using index_authentication_events_on_provider_user_id_created_at on authentication_events  (cost=0.14..2.17 rows=1 width=8) (actual time=0.011..0.011 rows=0 loops=1)
         Index Cond: ((provider = 'standard'::text) AND (user_id >= 0) AND (user_id <= 1000) AND (created_at >= '2020-08-16 19:05:45.606188-05'::timestamp with time zone) AND (created_at <= '2020-09-16 19:05:45.606328-05'::timestamp with time zone))
         Heap Fetches: 0
 Planning Time: 0.220 ms
 Execution Time: 0.039 ms
(6 rows)

== 20200916151442 AddResultIndexToAuthenticationEvents: migrating =============
-- transaction_open?()
   -> 0.0000s
-- index_exists?(:authentication_events, [:provider, :user_id, :created_at], {:where=>"result = 1", :name=>"index_authentication_events_on_provider_user_id_created_at", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
   -> 0.0030s
-- add_index(:authentication_events, [:provider, :user_id, :created_at], {:where=>"result = 1", :name=>"index_authentication_events_on_provider_user_id_created_at", :algorithm=>:concurrently})
   -> 0.0093s
== 20200916151442 AddResultIndexToAuthenticationEvents: migrated (0.0127s) ====