CI Lint: Allow passing component context to the API CI lint endpoint

Problem

CI lint endpoint fails when validating CI/CD component templates that use $[[ component.* ]] interpolation syntax (introduced in GitLab 18.6).

https://docs.gitlab.com/18.6/ci/yaml/expressions/#component-context

Solution

Extend the API endpoint to allow us to pass the component context.

Details

Mentioned as a problem with glab cli cli#8083 cli!2760

/cc @thisisrick25 @furkanayhan