SMTPUnknownError encountered when sending with QQ Mail

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Emails are successfully sent through QQ Mail, but the gitlab-rails component treats the delivery as a failure, resulting in the same email being sent 3–4 times.

This issue occurs in a GitLab instance running inside Docker Compose.

Here is the relevant Docker Compose configuration (sensitive info redacted):

version: "3.7"
services:
   web:
     image: "gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest"
     restart: always
     container_name: gitlab-ce
     environment:
       GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
         external_url 'https://gitlab.com'
         nginx['redirect_http_to_https'] = true
         letsencrypt['enable'] = false
         gitlab_rails['gitlab_ssh_host'] = 'gitlab.com'
         gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22
         gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
         gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.qq.com"
         gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
         gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "xxxxxx@foxmail.com"
         gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "adfxxxxxxxxxxawe"
         gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
         gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = false
         gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
         gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = 'xxxxx@foxmail.com'
         gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'GitLab title'
         gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_reply_to'] = 'noreply@example.com'
     ports:
       - "22:22"
       - "80:80"
       - "443:443"
     volumes:
       - "./config/web/config:/etc/gitlab"
       - "./config/web/logs:/var/log/gitlab"
       - "./config/web/data:/var/opt/gitlab"
     networks:
       - gitlab
   gitlab-runner:
     image: gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine
     container_name: gitlab-runner
     restart: always
     depends_on:
       - web
     privileged: true
     volumes:
       - "./config/runner/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
       - "./config/runner/gitlab-runner:/etc/gitlab-runner"
     networks:
       - gitlab

networks:
   gitlab:
     name: gitlab-network

The following error was encountered when sending a test email via Rails console:

irb(main):001:0> Notify.test_email('xxxxxx@qq.com', 'title', 'body').deliver_now
Delivered mail 67fdac27a7250_4e730ac807c4@dfad5ceeaf51.mail (999.4ms)
/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1076:in `check_response': ␦ (Net::SMTPUnknownError)
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1044:in `getok'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1026:in `quit'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:715:in `do_finish'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:614:in `start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/initializers/mail_starttls_patch.rb:53:in `start_smtp_session'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:100:in `deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:2145:in `do_delivery'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in `block in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.7/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:588:in `block in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.7/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `block in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.7/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.7/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in `instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.7/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:586:in `deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in `deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.7/lib/action_mailer/message_delivery.rb:119:in `block in deliver_now'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.7/lib/action_mailer/rescuable.rb:19:in `handle_exceptions'
        ... 14 levels...