Build golden container image to be used by default for creating workspace

Description

As per the plan in Provide default devfile for projects if not pre... (&14644 - closed) , we need a golden container image which will be used by default for creating a workspace from a project which does not have a devfile present.

Use https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images to build the container images
The format of the published container image would be
- registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces/BASE_IMAGE:INSTALLED_PACKAGES . e.g. registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces/debian-24.04:go-1.22-nodejs-3.2 , registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces/ubuntu-24.04:go-1.22
- If this format is not possible for some reason, we will follow registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces-BASE_IMAGE:INSTALLED_PACKAGES. e.g. registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces-debian-24.04-go-1.22-nodejs-3.2, registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-build-images/workspaces-ubuntu-24.04-go-1.22
The dockerfile will be called Dockerfile.workspaces.ubuntu. We will base this image on the latest stable LTS version of Ubuntu (24.04 LTS).
The end goal(not included in the of this MR/issue) is that we will leverage the scripts to define a set of scripts for a combination of OS-distribution(e.g. ubuntu, debian, etc.) and installed packages(e.g. go, nodejs, etc.) and we will use a generic image per distribution and utilize the scripts to install all the required packages. This will help us to keep things DRY.

make dockerfile described above and publish image to gitlab-build-images
check details are correctly, for example golang installed with correct version
update README or docs with link to GitLab container image best practice (#502355)