Update/generalise all CI status icons and buttons to make use of updated svg's and sizes

Problem

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/4124 introduces a problem where the default sizes for the svg's are making it more difficult to implement mockups.

Also, https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/27896 has been a long time coming and could potentially be closed in favor of this issue.

Scope

• All status icons (loose, mini pipeline graph, within status badges, big pipeline graph)
• All status badges/buttons
• Status icons making up favicons from https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/14497

Design

Here is how the status icons are derived from an icon button