Update ActiveRecord::GitlabPatches::Partitioning::Base to be compatible with Rails 7.1

ActiveRecord::GitlabPatches::Partitioning::Base contains an explicit check for ActiveRecord version and errors when ActiveRecord 7.1 or above is detected.

if ::ActiveRecord::VERSION::STRING >= "7.1"
  raise 'New version of active-record detected, please remove or update this patch'
end

To upgrade to Rails 7.1, this patch needs to be updated or removed.