Validation and error handling for dashboard visualizations

Problem to solve

Follow up from review comment in this MR: !113790 (comment 1309104552)

Users may configure their dashboard visualizations incorrectly, causing our components to crash out / behave unexpectedly. For example, if the visualization JSON does not specify an xAxisTitle, the column_chart component will fail.

We should validate these configurations, and provide user feedback to allow people to correct their errors.

Proposal

We should have one panel-level validator for all visualizations and let the visualizations fail hard. The panel-level validator could be something similar to cube_analytics.js that takes in the type + configuration and validates it against a schema. I think this would be far more efficient and easier to maintain than letting each visualization raise it's own errors and it also keeps all error handling on the panel_base.vue component.