Use runner token + `system_id` JSON parameters in jobs requests that cause runner heartbeat

Use runner token + system_id JSON parameters in the jobs REST API requests that cause a heartbeat call to update the ci_runner_machines cache/table.

• POST /runner/verify

The server should exhibit the same behavior as before if a runner doesn't include a system_id, if the runner token is not a new token (glrt- prefixed).

See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/architecture/blueprints/runner_tokens/#stage-3---database-changes and https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/architecture/blueprints/runner_tokens/#rest-api

GitLab Runner counterpart: gitlab-runner#29390 (closed)

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