Expose supported security report schema versions to CI jobs

Proposal

In order for our security analyzers to have the ability to support multiple security report schema versions, they will need a way know which versions are supported by the running GitLab instance. This would allow for graceful degradation of features requiring certain report versions. To read more about the purpose behind this please read: #350802 (comment 854983326)

Mixed Deployment Problem

As @gonzoyumo's comment explains, there is a problem here with a possibility of a mixed deployment telling the CI job it can output a newer schema version than a possible older processor supports. This issue should be aware of this problem and possibly spin out another issue to solve it if needed.