Multiple review-qa-smoke failures | Failed to pull image with policy "always": invalid reference format

Summary

Multiple runs of review-qa-smoke failed to pull the image (see the full error below in Stack Trace). There is also a system error indicating There has been a runner system failure, please try again.

One of the first failures was about 3 days ago in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/jobs/1444014595

The most recent ones:

Rerunning the job or rebasing the branch in MR doesn't help as discovered in !65829 (merged)

Stack trace

Authenticating with credentials from job payload (GitLab Registry)
Pulling docker image registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/gitlab-ee-qa: ...
WARNING: Failed to pull image with policy "always": invalid reference format (manager.go:205:0s)
ERROR: Preparation failed: failed to pull image "registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/gitlab-ee-qa:" with specified policies [always]: invalid reference format (manager.go:205:0s)
Will be retried in 3s ...
ERROR: Job failed (system failure): failed to pull image "registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/gitlab-ee-qa:" with specified policies [always]: invalid reference format (manager.go:205:0s)
Edited by Anastasia McDonald