Automatically install and cache packages

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Problem to solve

For now a developer has to

1. install packages manually by calling package manager manually
2. take care of caching of installed packages manually
3. since installed packages are not in current project folder and the folders out of it are not cached, take care to move them there

IMHO it may make sense to configure it .gitlab-ci.yml declaratively and gitlab-ci should care ahout it itself. I just enumerate the needed packages, and gitlab-ci

1. restores the cached installations
2. uses some overlay FS to put the additions to docker image somewhere caused by packages installation somewhere
3. calls the package manager itself. Package manager name is key of the mapping, the value is a mapping containing packages and their versions as keys and values are additional arguments for a package manager.
4. caches the files introduced by installation

Links / references