Remove HTML from existing translations

Follow up from https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/217933 where we introduced a linter to ensure that no angle brackets can be included in translations.

During the previous issue, existing translations with HTML in them were added to a todo list. Strings on this list cannot currently go through translation and will fail the linter if they are modified.

This issue is a clean up task for those translations, to remove HTML from them so that we can continue to translate them.