Extend cache syntax in .gitlab-ci.yml to use exclude

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Problem to solve

Instead of caching the whole ../node_modules/.next directory (for example), we want to cache everything in there except a few file/directories. Instead of adding the files/directories in that path one by one (impossible to do). It would be nice to exclude what we don't want cached.

Proposal

Stub issue for gitlab-runner!2105 (comment 345128549). Extend cache syntax in .gitlab-ci.yml to use exclude.