Migrate base/segmented_control stories to Component Story Format

Migrate base/segmented_control stories to the Component Story Format (CSF).

• Migrated documentedStoriesOf usages to the Component Story Format.
• Migrated or removed examples.
• Migrated props, slots and events documentation.
  • If needed, migrated the bootstrapComponent parameter.
• Cleanup
  • Component's README:
    • Removed <!-- STORY -->.
    • Removed component's title.
  • documentation/documented_stories.js:
    • Added component's PascalCase name to disableForComponents.

More details about the migration can be found in the epic: &5651 (closed)