WIP: Improve exception handling

What does this MR do?

This is built on top of store-correlation-logs: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/22844.

It improves exception handling to be more generic, and exceptions to be stored on disk when they occur. This included with correlation ID should give full visibility into traceability of the requests.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• Link to e2e tests MR added if this MR has Requires e2e tests label. See the Test Planning Process.