Fix wrong error handling in update page service

What does this MR do?

Fix the following bugs

• When an exception happens, the job's status will stay as running, but failed.
• When FailedToExtractError raised, the artifact will be removed, even if it could be recovered by retry

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Why was this MR needed?

Screenshots (if relevant)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Review
  • Has been reviewed by Backend
• End-to-end tests pass (package-and-qa manual pipeline job)

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/44817