compile:linux-arm64:gitaly and compile:linux-x86:gitaly jobs are failing in CI

Problem Statement

The compile:linux-x86:gitaly and compile:linux-arm64:gitaly jobs are failing (see example failure) because they're running Go 1.23.6, but Gitaly now requires Go 1.24.0 or higher.

go: go.mod requires go >= 1.24.0 (running go 1.23.6; GOTOOLCHAIN=local)
make: *** [Makefile:735: /builds/gitlab-org/gitlab-development-kit/gitaly/_build/bin/gitaly-wrapper] Error 1

Impact

When Gitaly releases new changes, precompiled binaries aren't available, so users have to compile Gitaly manually. This makes GDK updates much slower for users.

Proposal

Update the Linux CI runners to use Go 1.24.0 or newer. This only affects Linux runners since macOS runners are already working fine.

Impacted categories

The following categories relate to this issue:

• gdk-reliability - e.g. When a GDK action fails to complete.
• gdk-usability - e.g. Improvements or suggestions around how the GDK functions.
• gdk-performance - e.g. When a GDK action is slow or times out.