WIP: Add single-click filters for all, active, stale and protected branches

What does this MR do?

It adds single-click state filters (all, active, stale, protected) for the branches page.

Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Please check for style.

I haven't included protected branches in 'all' branches. I think it will be necessary, but wanted to double check first, hence WIP.

Why was this MR needed?

It addresses #17293 (closed)

Screenshots (if relevant)

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added
• Documentation created/updated
• API support added
• Tests
  • Added for this feature/bug
  • All builds are passing
• Conform by the merge request performance guides
• Conform by the style guides
• Branch has no merge conflicts with master (if it does - rebase it please)
• Squashed related commits together

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #17293 (closed)