Upgrade GraphQL gem to 1.8.17

What does this MR do?

Next step on the way to upgrading to 1.9.x (https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/62535)

This brings the gem to the highest 1.8.x version, 1.8.17

Several changes were required, including needing to use the new BatchLoader::GraphQL.for from batch-loader, (for more details )

An EE version of this is at https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/15707

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• [-] Changelog entry for user-facing changes, or community contribution. Check the link for other scenarios.
• [-] Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• [-] Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and Testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers

Related to #62535 (moved) and https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/31980