Stage card ui component

What does this MR do?

Implements the card ui needed for the stages list for cycle analytics.

• Moves the existing stage-nav-item from haml to vue
• Update the style of the list to match the card list in the new designs
• Adds unit tests

Before	After: canEdit = false	After: canEdit = true

EE MR

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/14910

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

Conformity

• Changelog entry for user-facing changes, or community contribution. Check the link for other scenarios.
• Documentation created/updated or follow-up review issue created
• Code review guidelines
• Merge request performance guidelines
• Style guides
• Database guides
• Separation of EE specific content

Performance and testing

• Review and add/update tests for this feature/bug. Consider all test levels. See the Test Planning Process.
• Tested in all supported browsers

Security

If this MR contains changes to processing or storing of credentials or tokens, authorization and authentication methods and other items described in the security review guidelines:

• Label as security and @ mention @gitlab-com/gl-security/appsec
• The MR includes necessary changes to maintain consistency between UI, API, email, or other methods
• Security reports checked/validated by a reviewer from the AppSec team