Fix runner eternal loop when update job result

What does this MR do?

This is a quick fix for the recent incident that a few GitLab runners stuck at eternal loop.

There was a bug in a state machine logic in Ci::Build. In a rare condition, deployment cannot update its status with drop method, thus build.drop! kept failing.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Close https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/56518

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• [-] Documentation created/updated via this MR
• [-] Documentation reviewed by technical writer or follow-up review issue created
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• [-] Tested in all supported browsers
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides
• [-] Link to e2e tests MR added if this MR has Requires e2e tests label. See the Test Planning Process.
• Security reports checked/validated by reviewer