Update vue, vue-template-compiler, and vue-loader

What does this MR do?

Upgrades Vue and its associated compiler/bundler tooling to the latest versions.

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides