Improve traceability for failed attempts of archiving traces

What does this MR do?

Currently, we track Trace#archive! exceptions in ArchiveTracesCronWorker. However, this is only covering a part of exceptions, we should track the native Trace#archive! exceptions instead.

• CE: here
• EE: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/merge_requests/8636

What are the relevant issue numbers?

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/51502

Close https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/51502

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Documentation created/updated
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conforms to the code review guidelines
• Conforms to the merge request performance guidelines
• Conforms to the style guides
• Conforms to the database guides