Disallow updating job status if the job is not running

What does this MR do?

This MR accomplishes the following items

• Disallowing updating job status if the job is not running
• Following up a previous fix https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/18969, which prevents gitlab-runners to patch traces if it's not running

Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

• Changelog entry added, if necessary
• Tests added for this feature/bug
• Conform by the code review guidelines
  • Has been reviewed by a Backend maintainer
• End-to-end tests pass (package-and-qa manual pipeline job)

What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/46383 Related #46097 (closed)